Northwestern Indiana from 1800 to 1900A regional history written by Timothy H. Ball . . . .
Source Citation:
Ball, Timothy H. 1900.
Northwestern
Indiana from 1800 to 1900 or A View of Our Region Through the Nineteenth Century.
Chicago, Illinois: Donohue and Henneberry. 570 p.
NORTHWESTERN INDIANA FROM 1800 TO 1900
402
CHAPTER XXVI.
OTHER INDUSTRIES.
For the first few years northwestern
Indiana was a grazing and agricultural region and raising cattle and
grain were the main industries. Exports of produce commenced about 1840, grain
and pork (pork meaning hogs dressed ready for the meat market) were the first to
be sent from the farms, and then cattle. There
were, however, exports, and in immense quantities for the number of inhabitants,
of quite a different kind. These exports were wild game, "prairie chickens" so
called, in great numbers, wild ducks, wild geese, quails, rabbits, and also very
much fur. This class of exports, costing nothing but the taking, helped many
pioneer families in the way of better living. Soon, added to the grain and
cattle and pork, there were sent from the farms
butter, eggs and poultry, hay, some wool, some honey, and some sheep. And at
length many horses. Grass seed and fruit soon increased the list of exports. As
giving some idea of the amount the following records are here inserted: H. C.
Beckman of Brunswick, in Lake County, as early as 1872, in the regular course of
his trade, bought in a single day thirty-seven hundred eggs and about three
hundred pounds of butter. In five months of that year he bought for export 5,600
dozen of eggs and of butter, for the year, 10,000
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pounds. About $50,000 was in that year paid out in Lake
County for butter and eggs alone, by the different merchants. Judge David Turner
made out a list of the exports of Lake County for the year 1883, when Lake
County was becoming a large exporting county, and it will serve as an
illustration of what the other counties had also to a great extent become as a
large food producing and exporting region. Oats, the figures denote bushels,
1,000,000; potatoes, 150,000; rye, 19,857; clover seed, 2,000; Hungarian seed,
9,000; millet seed, 4,500; berries, 4,629; the figures now denote pounds,
butter, 544,529; cheese, 220,000; butterine, 3,000,000; wool, 26,553; honey,
26,629; milk, 285,000 gallons; hogs, 16,526 head; cattle, 16,000 head; calves,
1,000; horses, 1,500; chickens, 4,397 dozen; eggs, 200,000 dozen; hay, 65,893
tons; ice, 65,000 tons; sand, 23,000 car loads; brick and tile, 13,000,000;
wood, 100 car loads; moss, 50 car loads; cattle slaughtered and shipped, 130,000
head. On ice and sand shipped from
Clarke on the Calumet, in business months, the amount
paid for freight was $150 each day, or $3,000 each month. And these figures
given above are for one county and one year.
SOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
Number of bushels of corn raised in these counties in 1898. After the name of
each county are given the figures denoting the bushels, and the figures denoting
the yield in each county by the acre: Starke, 717,535; 35. Lake, 1,365,156; 39.
Porter, 1,431,720; 40. La Porte, 1,528,052; 31. Pulaski, 1,707,545; 35. Newton,
2,434,672; 34. Jasper, 2,435,392; 36. White, 2,584,749; 31. It thus appears that
either Porter has
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the best corn land or the best farmers. The number of acres in Porter County
planted with corn was 35,793, and the average yield was exactly forty bushels
for an acre. Lake County, with an average of thirty-nine bushels comes next. La
Porte and White are alike averaging only thirty-one bushels.
In the production of oats for the year 1897 Newton, Jasper, and White excel,
each producing over a million of bushels. Indeed, Newton was the second oat
county in the State, Jasper the third, and White the fifth. Benton County alone
exceeded Newton, and Tippecanoe was in advance of White.
Our other five counties produced the same year over half a million bushels of
oats each. So it is evident that in 1897 northwestern
Indiana produced more than six million bushels of oats. For that same
year, 1897, the hay crop of these counties, taking no account of the immense
quantities of wild or native grass made into hay on the Kankakee marsh lands,
was the following (the number of thousands of tons only is given): Pulaski,
12,000; La Porte, 21,000; Porter, 30,000; Lake, 39,000; White, 39,000; Starke,
43,000; Newton, 65,000; Jasper, 97,000. These are not, except La Porte, large
producing wheat counties, yet somewhat is raised in each. The following figures
give the number of bushels for 1898: La Porte, 867,186; Pulaski, 316,044; White,
258,765; Porter, 197,532; Starke, 69,120; Jasper, 45,862; Lake, 30,582; Newton,
20,736.
A few more figures ought still to be of interest giving the number of horses in
each county: Starke, 3,328; Newton, 6,086; Pulaski, 6,386; Porter, 6,950; Lake,
7,609; Jasper, 8,210; La Porte, 9,048; White, 9,442. And the number of cows in
these counties
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was in 1897, the year for which the horses are given:
Starke, 3,344; Newton, 4,204; Jasper, 4,604; Pulaski, 5,247; White, 5,399;
Porter, 8,218; La Porte, 9,053; Lake, 9,832.
The difference in the quantity of Irish potatoes raised in these counties in
1897 is somewhat surprising. The number of thousands of bushels only is here
given and the figures are, for Jasper, 67; La Porte, 67; Newton, 47; Porter, 63;
Pulaski, 31; Starke, 41; White, 11, and Lake, 546,921, or more than half a
million of bushels. In 1899 E. W. Dinwiddie of Plum Grove raised a thousand
bushels. In accounting for this great difference it should be borne in mind that
Lake County touches that great city, Chicago, and extends
from it in a southeast direction over the Calumet region, and that the
soil (the sand, the marsh, the peat beds), of the Calumet bottom and of the Cady
marsh, especially of that valley which is so often covered with water in the
spring time, seems peculiarly adapted for vegetables, such as potatoes, cabbage,
onions, and parsnips; and then, there is quite a large settlement of Hollanders
along that valley, and they and families of other nationalities make it a
special business to raise vegetables for the Chicago market. Considering these
facts, looking thus over that great garden region of the Calumet, we need not be
surprised that in Lake County should be produced a half million bushels of
potatoes in a season. How many thousand heads of cabbages go into Hammond and
into Chicago in a season, it is not likely any one has reckoned up. It may be
further added here that the number of acres in potatoes in Lake for 1897 was
more than eight thousand and in White only four hundred and forty-nine.
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These figures for products, thus far given in this chapter, are
from the "Indiana
Agricultural Reports" and are supposed to be accurate, as they are
from official reports compiled by J. B. Conner,
chief of state bureau of statistics for Indiana.
Hogs are raised in all these counties to some extent, White taking the lead. The
figures for the thousands are, as reported from
the counties for 1897, and from the same authority as above: Starke, 7; Lake,
16; Newton 18; Porter, 20; Pulaski, 22; Jasper, 24; La Porte, 25, and White more
than 38 thousand. Not many sheep are now kept in this part of the State. Quite a
large flock was brought into Lake County in 1840 by Leonard Cutler, and the
Mitchells, and others had some large flocks about 1865, but there was not much
encouragement for keeping them. In these later years the largest flocks have
probably been those of Hon. Joseph A. Little and of Oscar Dinwiddie of Plum
Grove, and of Harvey Bryant. Now, or in 1897, the number of sheep and lambs in
Lake County was 2,600, and a few over, in Porter 6,000, in La Porte 12,000, in
Starke 1,800, in Pulaski 8,700, in White 5,700, in
Jasper 3,200, and in Newton 2,500.
In the great sheep raising county of Indiana,
Noble, there were in this same year more than forty thousand, while at the same
time there were in Noble but six thousand and two cows, and Lake and La Porte
had more than nine thousand each. The industries in different counties differ
sometimes very much.
Prices of agricultural products have varied very much as the years have passed
along. A sudden rise in the price of grain took place in the spring of 1835
which gave an opportunity for the first grain specu-
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lation, so far as is known, among the pioneers. Two of
the early settlers of Crown Point, William Clark, afterward known as Judge
Clark, having been elected associate judge, and William Holton, one of the
sterling men of Lake County, who died a few years ago at an advanced age in
California, bought oats in La Porte County at fifty cents a bushel. They
intended to sow the oats but after reaching home and delaying a little time,
they concluded it was too late in the season to sow oats. They hauled the grain
back to La Porte and sold it for one dollar and fifty cents a bushel. While the
purchase was small in amount the percentage of profit was more than the board of
trade men in Chicago generally make. Corn, oats, wheat, at that time brought the
same price.
For the encouragement that farmers received in endeavoring to settle up the wild
lands, one example is the following: "George Parkinson, of South East Grove, in
the winter of 1839 and 1840, sold pork in Michigan City for $1.50 a
hundredweight, hauling it some forty miles. He sent a load of grain. The
proceeds returned, the man who did the hauling received his pay, and about fifty
cents were left."
For several years, including 1844, the average price for wheat in the Chicago
market was about 60 cents a bushel. In 1861 corn sold for 17 cents a bushel. In
1864 the price paid for corn at Dyer Station was 90 cents. When potatoes could
be sold in the spring for 25 cents per bushel farmers thought it was a good
price. That was before the days of potato bugs in this longitude. For several
years now they have often sold for a dollar. The following is for the year 1899:
"Winamac Markets." Wheat, per bushel, 73 cents; oats, 28; rye, 48; butter, per
pound,
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11 cents; lard, 8; eggs, per dozen, 11; flour, $12.10;
chickens, 6 cents per pound; turkeys, 7; ducks, 5; hams, 10; shoulders, 8;
potatoes, per bushel, 60; hogs, per hundred, $3.40.
The dairy business is a large branch of industry. Six trains take milk to
Chicago each day, and the milk stands on these roads, besides the regular
stations, are many. It is not easy to ascertain the amount of milk shipped in a
year nor its value to the farmers, but some idea may be obtained
from the following figures: On the Monon line, in
the summer, 180 cars, in October 130 each day, daily average 120. On the Pan
Handle, summer of 1899, 140 cars, in October 110; for the year, daily average
120. On the Erie road, summer 600, for the year, daily 500. On the Grand Trunk,
daily, 400. On the Fort Wayne, daily, 130. Number of cars shipped daily for the
entire year, 1,290. This milk is shipped mostly from
Porter and Lake counties.
The creameries send off large amounts of butter beside the dairy-made butter
sent from the homes. At Dyer, in Lake County, a
creamery was started in 1893. The average of butter made there is four thousand
pounds each month. Average price for 1899, 20 cents a pound. One thousand
dollars, or more, each month is paid to the farmers for the milk.
At St. John, four and a half miles below, on the same road, the line called the
Monon, is a still larger creamery. It may be safely said that twelve thousand
dollars in a year is there paid out to the farmers. On the State line, six miles
south of Dyer, is a third, much larger, where, to the farmers in Lake County is
paid about a thousand dollars each month, and some four miles further south a
fourth, where a like
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amount is paid out. This gives to the farmers on a strip of land along the west
edge of Lake County, twelve miles long, and, perhaps, some three or four in
width, an income for milk of about $50,000 in a year. It is quite an industry.
At Hebron, in Porter County, there has been for some years a creamery which now
uses about 9,000 pounds of milk daily and pays to the dairymen about $1,000 each
month. At Merrillville, in Lake County, is a cheese factory which has been doing
a good business for several years. Active leaders in the milk industry are, in
Lake County, S. B. Woods, J. N. Beckman, and C. B. Benjamin; and in Porter,
Messrs. Wahl and Merrifield.
HERDS OF CATTLE.
For several years the finest herd of improved cattle in Lake County was kept by
Thomas Hughes. He took a large interest in the county fairs. In 1895 he removed
to Kansas and died there July 29, of that year, when about 59 years of age. H.
C. Beckman and John N. Beckman, his son, had the next best herd, probably, in
the county. The largest number of cattle in Lake County, 1,500 head, were kept
by John Brown and his son, Neal Brown, in the winter of 1899 and 1900. Large
herds of cattle have been kept in the north part of Newton and Jasper counties,
raised and kept mainly by men interested in the Chicago cattle market, and not
as improved animals for milk and butter. In the south parts of Porter and La
Porte counties, along the marsh, many cattle are kept, and in the north of
Starke some are kept for milk and butter and for beef.
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Near Rensselaer much attention has been given to raising fast horses. In West
Creek township of Lake County the Hayden horses have been noted. They have
usually been large and strong, drawing heavy loads. Many good horses have been
raised in Lake County. For several years there has been held in Crown Point, on
one Tuesday of each month, a horse market attended by buyers
from Chicago and elsewhere. It has been called the
best horse market within quite a distance of Chicago. As raisers of improved
breeds of hogs may be named George F. Davis & Co. of Dyer, "originators,
breeders, and shippers of the famous Victoria swine, also breeders of cotswold
sheep, shorthorn cattle, fancy land and water fowls.'" At the world's Columbian
Exposition, in 1893, Mr. Davis took twenty-six different premiums on his
Victoria swine, class 61, amounting in all to $550; and in class 178, fat stock,
he took seven more premiums, amounting to $150. He also took premiums on sheep,
amounting to $80, and on poultry and pigeons $56, making the entire amount of
his premiums $836. It is probable that of sheep and hogs, a few, equal to any in
the United States, have been owned at Dyer.
Another noted raiser of improved hogs is John Pearce of Eagle Creek township.
The variety which he keeps is known as Poland-China. In color these are black.
The first improved hogs in Lake County were Berkshires.
ICE AND SAND.
The ice industry is for a short time an immense business. The great shipping
counties are La Porte and Lake.
The lakes of La Porte County have furnished large
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amounts. No full estimate can be made. In Lake County
besides the lakes, the Calumet and Kankakee rivers have furnished very many
thousand tons. A little idea may be obtained, yet a faint one,
from a record of work at
Red Cedar Lake, southwest from
Crown Point. Armour has there a large ice house, and
there are other large ones. In January, 1892, about three weeks of good ice
gathering was well improved. At Armour's were working about two hundred men, and
at the south end of the lake one hundred. Work goes on at night at Armour's, as
they use at his ice house electric light. The record is, that about sixty car
loads a day were shipped from
Armour's while the men were engaged filling as rapidly
as they could the very large house.
It is no wonder the water in that once beautiful lake is not as deep as it once
was since such immense quantities of water in a solid form are shipped away
every good ice year. The rains and melting snow do not furnish a supply
sufficient to fill it up in the spring.
The quantity of frozen water that is stored in the many large ice houses and
sent to the cities in the summer time can by no ordinary means be estimated. It
is a business which the early pioneers had not considered, and one which, in its
magnitude, only the railroads make possible.
Another very large industry is shipping sand, although that furnishes employment
for the railroad working men and train men rather than for the citizens who own
the sand-banks.
Besides sand shipped from ridges and banks nearer
to Chicago, for the last few years trains of cars have been busy endeavoring to
remove from Michigan City that immense sand hill
known as Hoosier Slide.
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At North Judson, in Starke County, is a singular industry, known as a "frog and
turtle industry." According to a writer in the North Judson News, "there is a
great and growing demand for frogs," and from this
place they are shipped "into the leading markets of the country." On the day
when the "News" writer visited this establishment, he says that in one hour one
hundred and fifty dollars was paid out for frogs, brought in sacks and in wagon
loads. For several days they can be kept in barrels until they are shipped and
the big pond near by now contains, the "News" writer says, "over three million
frogs." He says little about the turtles or tortoises, but they also are bought
and shipped.
Quite a little business in this same line is done at Shelby, although there is
as yet no large establishment there. From Shelby
also, in some seasons, many mushrooms are shipped to Chicago.
A much more attractive industry is the fruit business. In Pulaski County in 1880
there were in cultivation in strawberries fifty-five acres.
Quite a little fruit is raised in Starke County, not far
from Round Lake.
Apples and small fruits are raised quite extensively in Lake County, and fruit
in Newton and in Jasper Counties.
Around La Porte are fruit and berry farms from
which large amounts are sent to market.
In Pine township in Porter County cranberries still grow for market. In
September, 1899, the following item of news was written, which will give some
idea of this industry.
"The harvesting of the cranberry crop has begun and one hundred persons have
been engaged for a
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week on the five Blair marshes in Pine township, * * picking the berries, and
there remains about a week's work for them. The cranberries this year are of an
unusually good quality and the crop is a large one." In Porter County is quite a
fruit raiser, who is called an up-to-date farmer, Milton Phiel, who has ten
acres of land in fruit, having on this land one thousand pear trees, five
hundred winter apple trees, and five thousand strawberry plants. He has, besides
fruit, thirty cows, and had in 1899 a
thousand chickens.
In Lake County the large berry raiser is H. H. Meeker of Crown Point. He has,
near the town, ten acres in small fruit and in nursery grounds. He picked in
1899 of small fruit for market 10,310 baskets. In 1900 he has picked 13,000. He
sends off quite an amount of nursery stock.
There is quite a nursery in Jasper County near Rensselaer.
MANUFACTURING.
Of course opening farms furnished the first occupation for the pioneers after
some shelter was provided for the families and for the less hardy domestic
animals.
After shelter there was needed a food supply. And then some of the pioneers gave
their attention, and almost from the very first,
to putting up mills, first saw-mills, then grist-mills. This work as an industry
prevailed largely in La Porte County, where were so many good mill-seats found,
and in Porter County in the northern and central parts, in both which counties,
for a time, they had a supply of white pine from
the Lake Michigan sand hills, out of which to make lumber. In Lake County the
earlier mills were south of
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the Calumet, and the pine trees of Lake were taken for the buildings of the
young Chicago. Mills also were constructed on the Tippecanoe and Iroquois
rivers, and in White, Pulaski and Jasper Counties, saw-mills were, in early
days, quite a leading industry.
In the line of manufactures factories of various kinds followed. But of these
the larger establishments are now mostly not many miles
from Lake Michigan, where are the largest towns and cities.
The manufacturing towns are mainly: La Porte, Michigan City, Chesterton, Hobart,
East Chicago, Whiting, and Hammond.
At Valparaiso, which is a college town, there is now a mica factory employing
ninety girls and twenty-seven men. "Two other concerns are enclosing factory
buildings which promise to employ about four hundred men." At Crocker, in Porter
County, is a canning factory employing some forty or fifty persons. Tomatoes are
put up here in large quantities. Crocker is on the Wabash railroad not far
from the Lake County line.
Among our large industries may be named the manufacture of brick, of tile, and
of what is called terra cotta. Some of the pioneers made brick as early as 1840,
and probably, in some neighborhoods, much earlier, but only for home use. In
these later years it has become a large, and in some localities, a leading
industry.
In La Porte County two miles east of Michigan City is quite a large
establishment where were made in 1897 four and one half millions of brick.
The special factories and large industries of La Porte and Michigan City are
given in the notices of those cities.
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In Newton County some brick are made at Morocco and at Beaver City, also at Mt.
Ayr; but the large factories are at Goodland, where also tile is made, and at
Brook where terra cotta lumber is made "for the Chicago market." This terra
cotta lumber, so called, is not what is generally called lumber. It is made of
three parts clay and one of sawdust. But the sawdust is afterwards burned out
leaving a porous kind of brick which may be cut with tools and will hold nails
and screws.
In Jasper County brick for home use are made, also drain tile, near Rensselaer,
at Remington, and near Pleasant Grove postoffice; but in this county the clay
industry is not large.
Clay products are shipped into Starke County instead of being sent out.
In Lake County at Lowell and at Crown Point brick have been made for many years
and also some drain tile, for the home market. Brick making commenced near Crown
Point, in 1841, when C. M. Mason burned the first kiln. He made in the course of
years several millions by the old and slow hand process. At Hobart is located
the great brick shipping interest of the county, where "in April, 1887, W. B.
Owen began the making of terra cotta lumber and fire proof products," which with
the Kulage Brick and Tile Works, forms the principal manufacturing interest of
Hobart. Of the terra cotta the State Geologist says: "Sixty car loads a month
are shipped to all parts of the United States, the value of the annual output
being from $60,000 to $75,000." He further says
that there is only one other factory of the kind in
Indiana, which is at Brook in Newton County, and only one in all the
State of Illinois. The State Geolo-
416
gist says of the five large downdraft kilns, each one
hundred feet long, of the Kulage Company, that they "are probably the largest
kilns of the downdraft type in existence," each being capable of holding 260,000
brick.
In Porter County brick are made at Hebron and Valparaiso and Porter, also at
Garden City and Chesterton.
The State Geologist, W. S. Blatchley, to whose report in "Clays and Clay
Industries," indebtedness is acknowledged for special information, says: "Near
the junction of the Michigan Central and Lake Shore railways, at Porter,
Indiana, is located the largest pressed front
brick factory in the State." It "has been in operation since July, 1890." Amount
of capital invested in this factory is about $300,000. An immense supply "of
front brick of many colors" is furnished by this factory, and special shape
bricks of a hundred different forms, several millions in all being kept
constantly on hand.*
One half mile east of this large factory is another establishment conducted by
the Chicago Brick Company, where "soft mud brick" are made for Chicago and for
other markets at the rate of 35,000 a day for six months of the year.
Near Chesterton not only brick but tile are made as also at Valparaiso and
Hebron.
The whole clay industry of Porter County requires the labor of many persons and
secures the taking in and paying out of large sums of money. Like the frozen
water, which we call ice, and the sand, the clay
__________
*For a more full account see Reports.
417
of Northwestern Indiana, brings in a large amount
of money.
Handling sand and clay and ice makes for us three great industries. At Whiting
is one of the great oil refining establishments of the world, owned by the
Standard Oil Company. The crude oil is conveyed in two pipe lines running along
the track of the Erie railway. One of these pipes burst in some way near Crown
Point a few years ago, and quite a river of oil ran out before the break was
mended. Some of the town inhabitants gathered up in barrels and vessels what oil
they could store, and when the flow was entirely stopped the oil men set fire to
the river. Then there was a grand sight. Such peculiar, black, and even
beautiful, columns of smoke had never been seen in Crown Point before.
Photographic views were taken which were highly prized.
The number of oil tanks at Whiting cannot readily be counted. Many hundreds of
persons are employed in the oil works, and quite a city has grown up through
this industry.
At East Chicago hundreds are employed in carrying-on these factories: "Inland
Iron and Forge Co.; Grasselli Chemical Works; The East Chicago Foundry Co.;
Famous Manufacturing Co.; Lesh, Proutt & Abbott Lumber Co.; Treat Car Wheel
Works; Chicago Horseshoe Works; Groves Tank Works; Seymour Manufacturing Co.;
and East Chicago Tank and Boiler Works." These names have been taken
from the East Chicago Globe, of "manufactories
already located" there.
Hammond has five quite large industries.
1. The G. H. Hammond Company Slaughter House.
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This, as the State Line Slaughter House, was commenced about 1869. In 1872 about
eighteen men were employed and three or four car loads of beef were shipped each
day.
In 1884 about three thousand head of cattle were butchered each week and the
beef was sent to New England and to Europe.
Now, in 1900, from five thousand to six thousand
head of cattle and an equal number of hogs are put into shape for shipment each
week.
Number of persons employed fourteen hundred. It is not so easy to get
information now but the numbers given above came directly
from the present superintendent.
2. The Pittsburg Spring Company. Number of men employed sixty-six.
3. The Simplex Railway Supply Company. Number of persons employed three hundred.
4. The Canning Steel Plant. Number employed four hundred.
5. Last and grandest of all, the W. B. Conkey Printing and Publishing
Establishment.
It is claimed that there is not another equal to it in the United States or in
Europe; and one who goes through the different rooms, sees the machinery at
work, and looks at what is accomplished by human skill, may quite readily accept
the statement.
Hammond was just the place for such an immense industry, where room for
buildings was abundant and where there would be no need for a second or third
story, not suggesting a fourteenth.
The rooms, as implied, are all on the ground and cover an area of eighteen or
twenty acres. Some of
419
them are hundreds of feet in their dimensions. In the main printing room are
running forty-two presses.
The folding and binding room is long and wide and high, with plenty of light
from the sun-light without, and while the
well-trained and nimble fingers of the girls who fold by hand accomplish rapid
work, and show what trained human hands and eyes can do in acquiring a peculiar
tact of manipulation, the amazing if not fascinating features in the room are
fixtures, the great folding machines, working as by clock work, folding up, hour
after hour, the great sheets of sixteen pages, with the regularity of the
movement of a finished chronometer. The invention of a self-binder for farming
work was a great triumph of human ingenuity, but one may well stand amazed in
looking upon the movements of a great folding machine.
In the composing room appears also another wonder of human invention, the type
setter. In the binding room the processes of gilding and of putting on the
modern marble edges are interesting.*
The great driving wheel that furnishes the motion for so many machines and
presses gives one a grand idea of power. And the mighty heater that keeps all
these spacious rooms comfortable in zero weather is another grand illustration
of concentrated and diffused force.
This Conkey Company commenced work in Hammond in 1898. The number of persons now
employed is eleven hundred. The amount of work turned out in a year amounts to
three million dollars.
__________
*I visited this truly magnificent establishment March 27, 1900, and was shown
through the different rooms, having an opportunity to see these different
processes, receiving all the courtesies and readily obtaining all the
information that I could reasonably request. T. H. B.
420
A natural question would be, Where can sufficient "copy" be found to keep the
type setters busy, so as to keep forty presses running in one room, and to keep
all those girls and folding machines and gilders and binders busy month after
month in the binding room? And the answer is, it comes
from all quarters, comes from everywhere.
Books of various kinds are printed and published among them the American
Encyclopaedia, Dictionaries, Story books for children, Catalogues, and many
varieties of printed matter.
A periodical is sent out each month called
CONKEY'S HOME JOURNAL.
Northwestern Indiana, in the line of clay
products, of oil, of meat for shipment, and of "the art preservative," certainly
has some large establishments not to be surpassed, surely, by any others in
Indiana.
ADDENDA. The main industries of Crown Point, omitted in their proper place, are
these: 1. Making brick at the Wise brickyard; 2. Sash and blind factory, L.
Henderlong & Co.; 3. Making water tanks and cistern tubs, George Gosch; 4.
Keilman factory, formerly Letz; 5. Cigar factories, four; 6. Crown Brewing
Company, making lager beer. Also, 6. Raising poultry, Mrs. Underwood, T. A.
Muzzall, Neil Coffin, I. Howland, and some others; and 7. Hack carriage factory.
NAVIGATION OF
NORTHWESTERN INDIANA FROM 1800 TO 1900
FRONT MATTER AND DEDICATION
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
- GENERAL OUTLINES
CHAPTER 2
- THE INDIANS
CHAPTER 3
- THE EARLY SETTLERS
CHAPTER 4
- WHAT THE EARLY SETTLERS FOUND
CHAPTER 5
- PIONEER LIFE
CHAPTER 6
- COUNTY ORGANIZATIONS
CHAPTER 7
- OUR LAKES AND STREAMS
CHAPTER 8
- LAKE MICHIGAN WATER SHED
CHAPTER 9
- TOWNSHIP AND STATISTICS
CHAPTER
10 - RAILROAD LIFE
CHAPTER
11 - POLITICAL HISTORY
CHAPTER
12 - THE WAR RECORD
CHAPTER
13 - RELIGIOUS HISTORY
CHAPTER
14 - RELIGIOUS HISTORY
CHAPTER
15 - RELIGIOUS HISTORY
CHAPTER
16 - SUNDAY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER
17 - TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF NEWTON AND JASPER
CHAPTER
18 - TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF WHITE, PULASKI AND STARKE
CHAPTER
19 - VILLAGES, TOWNS AND CITIES OF LAKE
CHAPTER
20 - VILLAGES AND TOWNS OF PORTER
CHAPTER
21 - VILLAGES, TOWNS AND CITIES OF LA PORTE
CHAPTER
22 - EARLY TRAVELS
CHAPTER
23 - PUBLIC SCHOOLS
CHAPTER
24 - PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS
CHAPTER
25 - LIBRARIES
CHAPTER
26 - OTHER INDUSTRIES
CHAPTER
27 - SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
CHAPTER
28 - THE KANKAKEE REGION
CHAPTER
29 - DRAINING MARSHES
CHAPTER
30 - ANIMALS AND PLANTS
CHAPTER
31 - MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS
CHAPTER
32 - COURT HOUSES
CHAPTER
33 - ARCHAEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
CHAPTER
34 - BIRTH PLACES OF PIONEERS
CHAPTER
35 - McCARTY
CHAPTER
36 - ATTEMPTS TO CHANGE
CHAPTER
37 - ALTITUDES
CHAPTER
38 - MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS
CHAPTER
39 - SOME STATISTICS
CHAPTER
40 - WEATHER RECORD
CONCLUSION
Transcribed by Steven R. Shook, April 2012